The International Atomic Energy Agency has said that Iran either resumed work on making a nuclear warhead — or had never stopped, as the U.S. concluded in 2003.

Citing intelligence from the U.S., Israel and other countries, the U.N. agency said the new information “raises concerns.”

France and Germany have threatened new sanctions against Iran, while the Islamic Republic said that the report “verified the peaceful, non-military nature” of its nuclear activities.

In recent months, Iran has been strongly criticized for its growing crackdown on dissent. Among those in the forefront of repression are the Basij paramilitary forces known for their brutal tactics.

For more on where Iran is headed, Daljit Dhaliwal interviews Karim Sadjadpour, a leading researcher on Iran at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.